DIY Sustainer
Introduction
Sustainer is a cool little device originally designed by Fernandes®. The kit contains a sustainer driver which replaces neck pickup on guitar and a circuit board that contains the electronics. The original Fernandes sustainer also has an active pickup which can be used as a conventional neck pickup when sustainer is not used, but this project does not include that feature. This limits guitar tonal options in one way but gives completely new possibilities.
Here’s how it works. When sustainer is turned on, we take the signal from the bridge pickup, amplify it using a simple audio amplifier and use the amplified signal to drive the driver instead of a regular guitar speaker. Think of the driver as speaker coil that cannot move. The driver generates electromagnetic (EM) field that moves the strings instead of moving the conventional speaker diaphragm. Guitar strings are close to the driver and get excited by the EM field, casing them to vibrate indefinitely. In a nutshell, sustainer works exactly the opposite from a regular guitar pickup. Instead of picking up the vibrations of the strings, it is causing the strings to vibrate.
Keep in mind though, that we cannot use a conventional guitar pickup as a driver because it has very high impedance and DC resistance (typically 5K-20K). Amplifiers usually work with loads between 4 and 8 ohms, so we will need to make our driver very similar to guitar pickup, but wind it with thicker wire and less turns to aim for DC resistance of 8 ohms.
Building your own sustainer is not simple and requires a lot of research and experimenting. Make sure you have basic knowledge in soldering, electronics, guitar wiring and pickup building. Otherwise, this can easily prove to be a painful project and you may be better off buying a real Ferndandes sustainer or Sustainiac.
This photo shows Fernandes Sustainer kit which is cool but very expensive (above 200$). Fortunately, great guys from Project Guitar Forum (most of all Pete/psw and Col) developed DIY friendly project that costs much less than original but still sounds good. Total cost of the build is between 10 and 20 euros (or dollars), depending on what you already have. Also, I’d like to thank PSW Pete for sending me a spool of 0.2mm wire all the way from Australia at no cost.
Step 1: getting a bobbin
You can buy a new single coil bobbin and pickup cover online or try to salvage one from an old pickup. I got a bunch of them from a friend and picked one that had a bobbin I liked. I used a traditional single coil bobbin with 6 pole pieces which makes for a discrete driver, but many DIY-ers had great results with rail-type pickups, and original sustainer is also rail.
Strip the pickup and remove all wire. There’s a lot of very thin wire there so cutting it instead of unwinding is the way to go. In this case, pickup was potted which made stripping wire even harder. Nice thing about this is that pole pieces can be adjusted, so if I end up with uneven sustain I’ll be able to set poles higher or lower to compensate difference.
Step 2: modifying the bobbin height
Pickup coils are usually wound to around 10mm of height and bobbins are designed to fit a coil that’s 10mm high. For sustainer driver, optimal coil height seems to be around 3mm, which means that we need to modify the bobbin to limit coil height to 3mm. One way to do it is shown below.
The way I did it was using a thin (around 0.5mm) piece of transparent plastic used for packaging that I bent into L profile and cut to shape with scissors. Then I glued it in place using epoxy glue. Super glue can also be used for quicker setting time.
Step 3: winding the coil
The recommended wire gauge for winding the coil is 0.2mm (AWG #32). Other gauges might work, but thinner wire will have less resistance, so it would take less turns to get to the target coil resistance of 8 ohms. With less turns we’ll have lower inductance, so our driver will be weaker. Other other hand, thicker wire has less resistance, so we need more turns to get to 8 ohms. More turns of thicker wire would make a physically large coil that might be too large to fit on a guitar pickup bobbin. 0.2mm is a good middle ground between physical size and number of turns needed to produce a coil with DC resistance of 8 ohms. Taking the resistance of copper into account, we can calculate that we need around 14.9m of wire to get the coil to target resistance of around 8 ohms. Using the calculator for estimating number of turns we get around 120 turns on a strat bobbin. It will depend on the geometry of the bobbin, so it’s best to check coil resistance as you go. I used transparent universal glue to pot the pickup after each 20 or so turns to make sure the coil is kept in place and to prevent microphonics.
After 100 or so turns you can try to take the insulation off a tiny portion of the wire using a knife and measure the resistance of the coil so far. If you reached 8ohm, it’s done. Otherwise, do a layer or two more and repeat until you get to the target resistance. When it’s done, I soldered leads to both ends of the coil, secured them with a blob of glue and covered everything with insulating tape.
Step 4: the circuit
For the circuit we want to build a real clean guitar amplifier that operates the same way as a conventional amplifier, but instead of driving a speaker, it drives our sustainer. Pretty much any amplifier that can deliver few hundreds of milliwatts of power can do the job. A few people have reported Fetzer/Ruby amplifier from ROG to be performing well, so I decided to use that circuit. It’s got one FET gain stage (Fetzer Valve booster) that amplifies input signal before it hits the LM386 power amplifier taken from Ruby amplifier circuit. Both circuits may be found at runoffgroove.com and it’s just a matter of putting them together. I used trimmers for all controls and omitted Ruby volume control, as we already have one in the Fetzer Valve part of the circuit. 100K bias trimmer on the FET should be set to position that gives us roughly 4.5V at the drain of the FET and the remaining two trimmers should be adjusted at the end when the driver is installed in the guitar.
For my build I used this simple but not very compact perfboard layout. I suggest building as small board as possible, increasing the chance of fitting it inside the guitar without the need for routing.
Step 5: wiring
By popular request, I updated the article with a proposed wiring for the sustainer driver and circuit. I don’t have ability to test now it as it’s been almost 10 years since I built the sustainer, so if anyone does try it, please leave your comments below. There’s more than one way to do it and it will depend on your guitar. It’s ideal to have only bridge pickup and sustainer in the guitar because it will reduce a chance of interference between the driver and other pickups. Driver emits a lot of EM waves that excite the strings, but other pickups can pick them up too, and that’s not good!
Sustainer can operate in two modes: in phase which amplifies vibrations of the strings making them sustain indefinitely (or as long as the battery has enough juice to power the circuit) and out of phase (harmonic) which makes the guitar feedback with harmonics (listen to some of Steve Vai live performances, like “Building the Church”). The two modes can be toggled using a DPDT switch that flips the positive and negative side of the amplifier output.
As for the main sustainer switch, there’s more than one way it can be wired and in some cases you may need 3 or 4 pole switch. This is the simplest implementation that kills the battery supply to preserve power and when engaged it wires bridge pickup to the amplifier.
Step 6: tweaking
After the driver is installed in the guitar, we need to tweak the Gain and Volume trimmers to make sure that we get enough sustain but not get into feedback and oscillation. I suggest starting with both trimmers around noon and tweaking it from there. We are aiming for infinite sustain that doesn’t increase the level or add distortion. In sustain mode, if you hit the note and it starts amplifying on its own until it goes into oscillation, it means that Volume and/or Gain are too high. On the other hand, if there’s no infinite sustain, we should increase Gain and/or Volume.
Like with the pickups, the driver height will affect how it performs. The closer it is to the string, the stronger it will affect them. Using the same height as a typical guitar pickup is a good starting point and you can tweak it if there’s need.
Useful links
Project Guitar "Sustainer Ideas" thread (very large)
Project Guitar tutorial on building driver
Program for calculating number of turns for given core dimensions and wire gauge
Official Fernandes Sustainer page
Hi,
I’m looking for an installation manual and/or schematics for an early version of the Fernandes Sustainer circuit. I bought a guitar from the early 90s, the Sustainer works, but the wiring is a complete mess and the lever switch is broken. The circuit has only two trimpots and no coil on the pcb. The driver pickup isn’t rounded like the new version, yet. Must be a very early version of the 401 circuit.
regards, Immo
pictures:
https://www.freestompboxes.org/viewtopic.php?f=3&t=30694
hi sir how can i test if the coil i made for the driver is already @ 8ohm..will i strip the wire for testing? thanks
Sure, you can strip few mm of wire. Just make sure it doesn’t short with anything at the end.
Hi,
How well the thinner strings (B,e) will sustain with this driver and circuit. Any ideas how to balance drive between high and low strings?
It was long time ago but I think it was acceptable. With a discrete driver you can control pole height individually to fine tune each string. You could also try to play with magnetization of pole pieces and magnetize E and B stronger than others.
Cheers
Hey There!
Thanks for posting this, really appreciate your clarity and great work. I have a question, if I were to follow this or a similar general instruction, would I be able to just plug in some 1/4″ headphones to my guitar and listen due to the preamp already being there? Or would I have to use another amplifying device? Thanks again!
Best,
Jose
Hi Jose,
well, in principle you could that because you do have an amplifier…but you would need to connect the output from the amplifier to the output jack instead of the clean guitar signal. And you wouldn’t be able to use sustainer and headphones at the same time.
I wouldn’t do it. It would probably sound bad. In order to play though the headphones you need some sort of cabinet simulation or it would sound harsh.
But feel free to experiment, maybe you come up with something cool. You can build a simple cabinet simulator that is engaged only when using the headphones and not in sustainer mode.
Cheers
Hey! Thanks for all the info. I was wondering, would a small store-bought amp module such as TDA2030A or an LM 386 one work instead of the Fetzer/Ruby? Found some options in my local electronics shop and apparently they can work with 9V. Thanks again!
Hey Andreea. Definitely not the TDA2030A, it’s way too powerful. Fetzer/Ruby uses LM386 so that is closer but store-bought amp modules sometimes do not have a preamp integrated (something like Fetzer section). The only way to know for sure is to try it, there’s no harm in that 🙂
Ok, awesome, glad I asked. Thanks!
Hello I have the sustainer fernandes kit, but on the fernandes circuit map there are 3 wires for the driver output.
It says on the forum that you can only use the bridge pickup with the circuit.
On a 3 pickup guitar, is it possible to put the sustainer in the middle position and wire the selector output to the amp circuit to mean the selected (bridge or neck) pickup works with the sustainer?
Or is it even possible to stack the driver with the middle pickup to use the pickup as normal in conjunction with the sustainer if the above works?
Hi Paul,
no, unfortunately that’s not possible. One of the reasons is that you need to have sustainer as further away from the bridge as possible for it to work. It takes more energy to move the strings as you get closer to the bridge. The second reason is that you want sustainer as far as possible from the pickups because it outputs EM waves that will interact with any pickups that are near it. For that reason you have to use bridge pickup only which is the furthest one.
Maybe some sort of EM shielding between the sustainer and other pickups would allow using the middle pickup to, but people who tried said it doesn’t work well, squeals and such…
Cheers
I’m using mine with emg pickups which don’t have a bridge ground. When i turn on the sustainer i just get a buzzing sound in the strings with no sustain. Is the bridge ground necessary for the sustainer to work?
I tried it with a passive guitar and it worked perfectly, the bridge ground is the only major difference i can think of.
bridge ground is not important for the sustainer
Any Ideas as to what could cause the issue?
Thanks for your help.
One way to test sustainer circuit is using any 8ohm speaker connected instead of the driver. That way you can divide the issue. If you get the sound of the guitar loud and clear though the speaker, there is a problem with the driver. If there’s no sound or it’s quiet or distorted, it’s the problem with the circuit.
Thanks, I’ll give that a go!
I’d like to use a sustain system in my strat and I have 2 questions
How will the pickup wiring schematic work with 3 pickups (including sustainer)
Is there a way I can still use the regular pickup without the sustain? Or can I use like a piezo pickup in the neck so I can still use the other 3
Hello,
I wonder about capacitor voltage which is used in the project, any voltage would be problem? or only specific voltage will worke? 16v, 25v, 35v?
Thank you.
Any will do.
Many thanks.
Hi can you build one i will pay is for an epiphone stratocaster..
The idea is a U2 project cover band…and i saw that The edge plays with a Fernandes guitar …song with or without you.
Shipping to Mexico
Hi, sorry I don’t have resources to build more of them for sale. Cheers
Yo,
I like rail pickup looks but would a slug pole pickup be better? (single coil) Should I just but a cheap pickup from stewmac and strip it or order the parts to make my own… Thanks
Hmm, where did you see the rails? I used slug pole pickup as well 🙂 It worked well, but then again, all commercial sustainers use rails. There must be a reason. It’s best to try both and experiment.
Cheers
Hi,
I just built the sustainer as per instructions, with correct wire gauge, but it does not work. I am only getting a bit increased sustain for thicker strings though. I guess this may be due to driver core material. Thinking of going for thicker wire/more turns. I still got plenty of space as I was using only about 3mm of the driver’s height (as per instructions). Any comments anybody?
Also, tried to use this 8 ohm driver as a pickup (with Fetzer/Ruby as an amplifier). I liked the sound, nice and clean.
It could be the core, what did you use?
I’m not really someone who knows much about wiring I just want a cool guitar sustainer. I understand most of the stuff explained here and on other sites but I don’t really get the ROG Fetzer/Ruby circuit thing… Do I have to make it myself? Or can I buy it somewhere?
You need to build it. The schematic is above…or should be 🙂
thanx for your clever explanation on how the sustainer works. (When sustainer is turned on, we take the signal from the bridge pickup, amplify it using a simple audio amplifier and use the amplified signal to drive the driver instead of a regular guitar speaker. Think of the driver as speaker coil that cannot move. The driver generates electromagnetic (EM) field that moves the strings instead of moving the conventional speaker diaphragm)
Hello, Ehhhh, i Just made a driver with 4ohms resistance, May i use it?, what happen if i use it, and not an 8ohms driver?, thankyou….
Can you add more windings? 4ohm will work but will be weaker due to less inductance, so you may not be able to achieve infinitw sustain.
Hello, may i use AWG#23 to make the sustainer driver ????, in my country there is not AWG#32, thanks ….
sorry, the correct gauge is AWG#28 …. this is the most popular gauge in my country, may i use AWG#28 to make the driver coil, thanks again ….
I’m not sure. AWG28 is significantly thicker, so you will need much more turns to get to 8ohms, so you will make a gigantic driver that will probably be too big to fit the guitar.
you can order 0.2mm enamel wire from ebay…costs 2-3$ from China, shipping included. 100m spool should be enough for 5 sustainers.
1. Does the polarity of the magnet piece and the positive/negative leading cable from the coil will affect the final result?
2. Would you mind to explain how to get 4.5 Volt of the FET? (what should i do? where should i place the multimeter cables?)
I am very excited about this project
1. yes. In one case you will have feedback, the other will give infinite sustain. But it doesn’t matter which is which if you have a switch to toggle between the two.
2. measure voltage from ground to drain of the FET and adjust drain resistor (or trimmer) until you get around 4.5v.
Thank you so much, btw greetings from Indonesia
Does this particular sustainer can be used as a humbucker neck pickup when the sustainer switch is off?
if it can’t, is there any way i can modify it to become a humbucker neck pickup as the sustainer switch is off?
No, it cannot. Not sure if there’s an easy way to do it.
What if i use a humbucker pickup, but only one bobbin that i re-coil for being the driver, then the other bobbin is still wired, is it possible to get a sustainer and a single coil neck pickup?
the idea is when the sustainer is on, the “neck pickup” is kinda shorted so there will be minimal magnetic field interference, and when the sustainer is off, the “neck pickup” will just work normally. If you think it’s possible, would you help me to draw the wiring diagram for this idea?
Thank you for the hint.
That was, what I’m looking for:)
Hello guys!
Does anyone to try to implement the switching matrix from above to a 3 way megaswitch from Schaller?
My idea was to switch between bridge pu and middle pos to activate the sustainer as such plus “in phase” mod or front pos to activate “out of phase” mod.
Is it generally possible?
Best regards
Alex
Probably not with a 3 way megaswitch, but it could work with a 3 way superswitch that has 4 distinct poles. Not 100% sure.